代名詞
代名詞用來代替前面提過的名詞,必須在格、數量和性別上與被代替的名詞一致。主詞用主格、受詞用受格,單數名詞用單數代名詞,是使用代名詞的基本規則。
代名詞的格怎麼用?
| 主格 | 受格 | 所有格形容詞 | 所有格代名詞 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine |
| you | you | your | yours |
| he | him | his | his |
| she | her | her | hers |
| it | it | its | — |
| we | us | our | ours |
| they | them | their | theirs |
主詞用主格,及物動詞和介系詞的受詞用受格。
- ✗ Between you and I, he is wrong.
- ✓ Between you and me, he is wrong.
什麼是雙重所有格?
既要表示所有、又要表示數量時,使用雙重所有格(double possessive):a friend of + 所有格代名詞或名詞所有格。
a friend of mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs/Mary's
- ✗ a my friend
- ✓ a friend of mine
什麼時候要考慮性別?
只有人才要考慮性別,其他事物都用 it 之類的代名詞。
公司和組織用 it 還是 they?
organization、company、committee 雖然由很多人組成,當主詞時仍視為單一的整體,代名詞用 it。
The company raised its prices.
用法補充
英式英語有時會用複數代名詞 they 指稱機構。美式英語則以 it 為準。
看起來是複數的名詞用什麼代名詞?
mathematics、the United States、the United Nations 等名詞形式上像複數,意思上是單一的學科或國家,都用 it。
The United States changed its policy.
it 和 that、those 有什麼不同?
| 代名詞 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| it | 代替前面提過的名詞,也可以當虛主詞 | It is raining. |
| that, those | 可以單獨使用,不必指前面出現過的名詞 | Those who work hard succeed. |
兩個或三個東西要怎麼稱呼?
| 情況 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| 兩個東西 | one ..., the other ... |
| 三個東西 | one ..., another ..., the other ... |
| 一部分和另一部分 | some ..., others ... |
- I have two sisters. One is a doctor, and the other is a nurse.
- I have three pens. One is red, another is blue, and the other is black.
- Some like tea; others like coffee.
each other 和 one another 差在哪?
傳統規則是兩者之間用 each other,三者以上用 one another。
- The two brothers helped each other.
- The team members helped one another.
用法補充
現代英語中這兩個片語幾乎可以互換,但考試的傳統規則仍然區分。
泛指的 one 和 you 可以混用嗎?
泛指一般人時,前後必須一致,不能混用:
| 句型 | 正確與否 |
|---|---|
| One ..., one ... | ✓ |
| You ..., you ... | ✓ |
| One ..., you ... | ✗ |
練習題
1. 找出錯誤:The committee announced their decision.
美式英語中,committee 視為單一整體。應改為 The committee announced its decision.
2. 填空:I have two bags. One is black, and ___ is white.(another/the other)
the other。只有兩個東西時,第二個用 the other。
3. 找出錯誤:One should always do your best.
One 和 your 混用。應改為 One should always do one's best.,或 You should always do your best.
推薦影音
所有的人稱代名詞
ALL PERSONAL PRONOUNS(Arnel's Everyday English,17 分鐘,英語):完整講解主格、受格、所有格與反身代名詞,包括 a friend of mine 的用法與 singular they,並有三次測驗。
other、another、the other
OTHER, ANOTHER, OTHERS, THE OTHER, OTHERWISE(engVid Adam,13 分鐘,英語):說明這幾個字如何表示單複數與指涉對象,以及在英文作文中當轉折語的用法。