易混淆動詞與固定搭配
有些英文動詞長得很像,或者必須搭配特定的介系詞,光靠中文意思很容易選錯。本頁整理 lie 和 lay、rise 和 raise、regard as、result in、consist of 等常考的動詞組合,可以當作查表使用。
lie 和 lay、rise 和 raise 怎麼分?
判斷方法是看後面有沒有受詞:不及物動詞沒有受詞,及物動詞一定有受詞。
| 類別 | 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vi | lie | lay | lain | 躺著 |
| Vt | lay | laid | laid | 放置 |
| Vi | rise | rose | risen | 上升 |
| Vt | raise | raised | raised | 舉起、提高 |
- He lay on the sofa.(lie 的過去式,後面沒有受詞)
- He laid the book on the sofa.(lay 的過去式,受詞是 the book)
- The sun rises in the east.
- Please raise your hand.
believe 和 believe in 差在哪?
| 用法 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| believe + 人或事 | 相信某人的話或某件事 | I believe him. |
| believe in + 人或事 | 信任、信仰、相信其存在 | I believe in God. |
regard 和 consider 的句型有什麼不同?
| 完全及物動詞 | 不完全及物動詞 | |
|---|---|---|
| 主動 | 人 + regard + 某人事物 + as + n | 人 + consider + 某人事物 + n |
| 被動 | 某人事物 + be + regarded/known/seen/viewed/described/characterized/dismissed + as + n | 某人事物 + be + considered/called + n |
- She is regarded as an expert.
- She is considered an expert.
用法補充
傳統考試文法認為 consider 後面不加 as。現代英語中 consider A as B 偶爾可見,但較常見且最安全的是 consider A (to be) B。
harm、damage 有哪些寫法?
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| Vt:harm/damage + 對象 | Smoking harms your lungs. |
| do/cause + harm/damage + to + 對象 | Smoking does harm to your lungs. |
| do/cause + 對象 + harm/damage | Smoking does your lungs harm. |
因果關係的動詞怎麼用?
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 因 + result in + 果 | Heavy rain resulted in floods. |
| 果 + result from + 因 | Floods resulted from heavy rain. |
| 人 + attribute + 果 + to + 因 | They attributed the floods to heavy rain. |
| 果 + be attributed to + 因 | The floods were attributed to heavy rain. |
| a result of + 因(result 當名詞) | Floods are a result of heavy rain. |
整體和部分的動詞怎麼用?
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 大 + consist of + 小 | The team consists of ten players. |
| 小 + compose + 大 | Ten players compose the team. |
| 大 + be composed of + 小 | The team is composed of ten players. |
consist 是不及物動詞,沒有被動語態,因此不能說 is consisted of。
練習題
1. 填空:The price of oil has ___ sharply.(raised/risen)
risen。後面沒有受詞,要用不及物動詞 rise 的過去分詞。
2. 找出錯誤:The committee is consisted of five members.
consist 沒有被動語態。應改為 The committee consists of five members.,或 The committee is composed of five members.
3. 填空:He ___ his success to hard work.(attributed/resulted)
attributed。句型是「人 + attribute + 果 + to + 因」。
推薦影音
Confusing English: LIE or LAY? RAISE, RISE, or ARISE?(engVid James,23 分鐘,英語):逐一講解 arise、rise、raise、lie、lay 的意思與用法,片尾有測驗。