副詞子句
副詞子句(adverb clause)用來說明主要子句發生的時間、地點、原因、讓步或結果。它由 when、because、although 等連接詞引導,內部必須有自己的主詞和動詞。副詞子句可以放在句首或句尾,放句首時通常要加逗號。
副詞子句的連接詞有哪些?
| 功能 | 連接詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 時間 | when, before, after, since, until, while, as, whenever | Call me when you arrive. |
| 地點 | where, wherever | Sit wherever you like. |
| 原因 | because, as, since | I left because I was tired. |
| 讓步 | although, no matter how | Although it rained, we went out. |
| 結果 | so ... that | It was so hot that we stayed in. |
whenever 和 wherever 可以這樣理解:
- whenever = any time when(任何……的時候)
- wherever = any place where(任何……的地方)
用法補充
講義把 for(因為)列在副詞子句連接詞裡。現代文法書多半把 for 歸為對等連接詞,而且只放在主要子句之後,例如 He stayed home, for he was ill. 這種用法偏文言。一般寫作用 because 即可。
副詞子句放在哪裡?逗號怎麼加?
副詞子句放在句首時,後面要加逗號;放在句尾時,通常不加逗號。
- Because it rained, we stayed home.
- We stayed home because it rained.
為什麼副詞子句不能用未來式?
表示時間或條件的副詞子句,要用現在式代替未來式,主要子句則維持未來式。
- ✗ When she will arrive, I will call you.
- ✓ When she arrives, I will call you.
- ✓ If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home.
so ... that 怎麼用?
so 後面接形容詞或副詞,that 後面接一個表示結果的子句。名詞前面則要用 such。
- The box was so heavy that I couldn't lift it.
- It was such a heavy box that I couldn't lift it.
練習題
1. 找出錯誤:I will wait here until he will come back.
時間副詞子句要用現在式代替未來式。應改為 I will wait here until he comes back.
2. 填空:___ tired he was, he kept working.(No matter how/Because)
No matter how。前後語意是讓步(再累也繼續工作),而且 no matter how 後面可以直接接形容詞。
推薦影音
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Learn English Grammar: The Adverb Clause(engVid Adam,15 分鐘,英語):說明副詞子句如何表達原因、對比、條件、時間、目的與比較,並提醒常見的寫作錯誤。
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Advanced English Grammar: Clauses(English with Lucy,12 分鐘,英語):把獨立子句、從屬子句,以及名詞、副詞、形容詞子句放在一起比較,適合讀完三種子句後統整。