不定詞
不定詞(infinitive)的形式是 to + 動詞原形,可以當名詞、形容詞,也常用來表示目的或結果。寫作時常用不定詞接在另一個動詞後面,說明做這件事的目的。
S + V₁ to V₂ 和 S + V₁ and V₂ 差在哪?
兩種句型的相同點是兩個動詞有共同的主詞,差別在於兩個動作的關係。
| 句型 | 兩個動詞的關係 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| S + V₁ to V₂ | V₂ 通常表示目的或結果 | She went out to buy milk. |
| S + V₁ and V₂ | 兩個動作沒有特別的關聯 | She went out and bought milk. |
形容詞和名詞後面可以接不定詞嗎?
形容詞後面可以接 to + V,通常是表示情緒的形容詞,例如 happy、glad。
I'm glad to meet you.
名詞後面也可以接不定詞,例如 effort、attempt、endeavor。
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| effort/attempt/endeavor + to V | She made an effort to learn French. |
| effort in + 名詞 | an effort in education |
用法補充
講義把 effort in + V-ing 劃掉。實際英語中偶爾看得到這種寫法,但 effort to + V 是最標準也最安全的選擇。
不定詞可以當介系詞的受詞嗎?
不定詞片語一般不能當介系詞的受詞,除非前面有 why、when、whether 等開頭的字。
- ✗ He is thinking about to quit.
- ✓ He is thinking about quitting.
- ✓ The question of how to begin is difficult.
help、感官動詞和使役動詞後面接什麼?
| 動詞 | 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| help | help (to) V | She helped me (to) move. |
| 感官動詞 watch | watch + O + V/V-ing | I watched him run/running. |
| 使役動詞 have(主動) | have + O + V | I had him fix the car. |
| 使役動詞 have(被動) | have + O + p.p. | I had the car fixed. |
| allow, permit | allow + O + to V | They allowed me to leave. |
| allow, permit | allow + V-ing | They don't allow smoking. |
感官動詞後面接原形動詞,表示看到整個動作;接 V-ing,表示看到動作正在進行。
使役動詞 make、let 也接原形動詞:She made me cry. He let me go.
練習題
1. 找出錯誤:The teacher made us to clean the room.
make 是使役動詞,後面接原形動詞。應改為 The teacher made us clean the room.
2. 填空:I had my hair ___ yesterday.(cut/cutting)
cut。頭髮是被剪,用過去分詞表示被動。這裡的 cut 是過去分詞。
3. 找出錯誤:The company allowed its employees work from home.
allow 加受詞時後面接 to V。應改為 allowed its employees to work from home.
推薦影音
不定詞和動名詞的差別(中文)
不定詞和動名詞哪裡不一樣?(萊特的英文教室,10 分鐘,中文):用例句比較不定詞和動名詞,適合建立兩者的基本區別。
使役動詞
Causative Verbs - HAVE, GET, MAKE, LET, HELP(English with Lucy,15 分鐘,英語):逐一說明五個使役動詞的結構與用法,附免費講義與測驗。
使役動詞的短版
Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Let, Get, Help(engVid Alex,6 分鐘,英語):用 He made me clean my room 這類例句,快速分清楚要不要加 to。