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建立 2026-11-10 更新 2026-11-11

句子的基本架構

英文句子的第一條規則是:一個子句必須有主詞和動詞,而且只能有一組。只要句子裡出現第二個主詞或動詞,就需要連接詞把它們接起來。這條規則是判斷句子對錯最快的工具。

一個句子最少需要什麼?

句子的基本元素(basic elements)是主詞、動詞與連接詞。最簡單的句子只有主詞和動詞,連接詞要到句子變長時才需要。

符號 意思 例子
S 主詞(subject) Birds fly.
V 動詞(verb) Birds fly.
O 受詞(object) I read books.
C 補語(complement) She is a nurse.

什麼時候一定要用連接詞?

只要主詞或動詞超過一個,或者子句超過一個,就必須用連接詞連接。

  • ✗ He came home he ate dinner.(兩組主動詞,沒有連接詞)
  • ✓ He came home and ate dinner.
  • ✓ When he came home, he ate dinner.

主詞、動詞、受詞要怎麼並列?

句型 說明 例句
S + V + O 基本句型 Tom bought apples.
S₁ and S₂, V₁ and V₂, O₁ and O₂ 主詞、動詞或受詞超過一個時,要用連接詞連接 Tom and Amy washed and cut apples and pears.
S + V₁ and V₂ 兩個動詞可用 and 連接 She opened the door and greeted us.
S + V₁, V₂-ing 也可去掉 and,把第二個動詞改成 V-ing She opened the door, greeting us.
S + V₁, V₂-ing, V₃-ing, and Vₙ-ing 動詞很多時,從第二個起都加 -ing,最後一個前的 and 不可省略 The storm hit the island, destroying homes, flooding roads, and cutting power.

用法補充

講義把第四種句型寫成 S + V₁ V₂-ing。實際寫作時,V-ing 片語前面通常要加逗號,只有 He came running. 這類緊密的結構才不加。

介系詞和連接詞差在哪?

介系詞後面接名詞(受詞),連接詞後面接一個完整的子句。兩者意思可能相近,文法卻不能互換,這也是英文考試常見的考點。

介系詞 + 名詞 連接詞 + 子句 意思
during while 在……期間
because of because 因為
except unless 除了/除非
in spite of, despite although 雖然、儘管
  • ✓ Because of the rain, we stayed home.
  • ✓ Because it rained, we stayed home.
  • ✗ Because of it rained, we stayed home.

連接副詞為什麼不能連接兩個句子?

連接副詞(conjunctive adverb)帶有轉折或因果的語氣,但詞性仍是副詞,所以不能單獨連接兩個子句。兩個子句之間要用句號或分號斷開,或者另外加連接詞。

語氣 常見的連接副詞
轉折 however, nevertheless, instead
結果 therefore, consequently, thus
添加 moreover, also, as well
順序 then
  • ✗ It rained, however we went out.
  • ✓ It rained; however, we went out.
  • ✓ It rained. However, we went out.

有兩組長得很像的字要特別留意:

  • then 是副詞(然後),than 是連接詞(比較)。
  • as well 是副詞(也),as well as 是連接詞(以及)。

用法補充

講義把 so 列為副詞。現代文法書通常也把 so 當作對等連接詞,因此 It rained, so we stayed home. 是正確的句子。therefore 和 thus 則沒有這種用法。

練習題

1. 找出錯誤:Despite it was cold, she went swimming.

Despite 是介系詞,後面不能接子句。可改為 Although it was cold, she went swimming. 或 Despite the cold, she went swimming.

2. 找出錯誤:The test was hard, therefore many students failed.

therefore 是副詞,不能連接兩個子句。可改為 The test was hard; therefore, many students failed.

3. 填空:The flight was delayed ___ the storm.(because/because of)

because of。the storm 是名詞,前面要用介系詞片語。

推薦影音

從簡單句到複雜句

English Sentence Structure(Oxford Online English,21 分鐘,英語):從最簡單的句子開始,依序加入補語、修飾語、獨立子句和從屬子句,適合想完整建立句子架構的學習者。

片語和子句有什麼不同

Phrases and clauses(Khan Academy,6 分鐘,英語):說明片語是一組功能像單一詞性的字,並比較片語與子句的不同,可對照本頁的第一條規則。

although 和 despite 怎麼選

though, although, even though, despite, in spite of(engVid Adam,9 分鐘,英語):用例句比較這幾個讓步用字的用法,直接對應本頁「介系詞和連接詞差在哪」一節。

however 的轉折語氣

Linking words of contrast(BBC Learning English,3 分鐘,英語):快速示範 however、although、despite、while 表達對比的方式,適合當作複習。