對等連接詞
對等連接詞用來連接兩個文法地位相同的部分,例如名詞對名詞、動詞對動詞、子句對子句。最常見的是 and、or、but、yet,以及 both ... and ...、not only ... but also ... 這類成對連接詞。使用時的關鍵是前後結構必須對稱。
連接詞可以分成哪幾類?
| 大類 | 子類 | 代表字 |
|---|---|---|
| 對等子句連接詞 | — | and, or, but, yet |
| 附屬子句連接詞 | 名詞子句 | that, whether, what |
| 附屬子句連接詞 | 形容詞子句 | who, which, that |
| 附屬子句連接詞 | 副詞子句 | when, because, although |
對等連接詞怎麼用?
句型是 A + 連接詞 + B,A 和 B 必須是同樣的文法結構。
| 連接詞 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| and | 和、而且 | She sings and dances. |
| or | 或者 | Tea or coffee? |
| but | 但是 | Small but strong. |
| yet | 然而 | Simple yet effective. |
成對連接詞有哪些?
成對連接詞(correlative conjunctions)必須固定搭配,不能拆開換用。
| 句型 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| both A and B | A 和 B 都 | Both Tom and Amy agree. |
| either A or B | 不是 A 就是 B | Either Tom or Amy is here. |
| neither A nor B | 既不是 A 也不是 B | Neither Tom nor Amy is here. |
| not only A but also B | 不只 A 還有 B | She is not only smart but also kind. |
什麼是平行結構?
平行結構(parallelism)是指連接詞前後的 A 與 B 必須是相同的形式。這是改錯題的常見考點。
- ✗ She likes swimming and to run.
- ✓ She likes swimming and running.
- ✗ The job is not only hard but also pays poorly.
- ✓ The job not only is hard but also pays poorly.
A as well as B 強調哪一邊?
A as well as B 的句型強調 A,B 只是順帶一提。動詞的單複數因此也跟著 A,詳見主詞動詞一致。
The teacher, as well as the students, is here.(動詞跟著 The teacher)
練習題
1. 找出錯誤:He is both intelligent and works hard.
both 後面是形容詞,and 後面卻是動詞片語,結構不對稱。可改為 He is both intelligent and hardworking.
2. 填空:Neither the manager ___ the staff knew about it.(or/nor)
nor。neither 固定搭配 nor。
推薦影音
對等連接詞的基本用法
Coordinating conjunctions(Khan Academy,5 分鐘,英語):講解對等連接詞如何連接句子的各個部分。
成對連接詞
Correlative conjunctions(Khan Academy,3 分鐘,英語):介紹成對使用的連接詞,對應本頁「成對連接詞有哪些」一節。
獨立子句與從屬子句
Dependent and independent clauses(Khan Academy,7 分鐘,英語):說明獨立子句可以自成一句,從屬子句則不行,適合用來銜接接下來的三種從屬子句。