動名詞
動名詞(gerund)是動詞加 -ing 後當名詞使用,可以擔任主詞或受詞。學動名詞的重點,是記住哪些動詞後面只能接 V-ing、哪些只能接 to + V,以及哪些接法會改變意思。
動名詞和不定詞的使用限制有什麼不同?
用 it 當虛主詞時,後面真正的主詞通常用 to + V,不用動名詞。
- ✓ It is important to exercise.
- ✗ It is important exercising.
少數慣用語例外,例如 It's no use crying.
介系詞後面要接名詞或動名詞,一般不能接不定詞。
She is good at swimming.
哪些動詞後面只能接 V-ing?
| 意思分組 | 動詞 |
|---|---|
| 承認/否認 | admit, deny |
| 感謝/憎恨 | appreciate, resent |
| 避免、延後 | avoid, postpone |
| 放棄 | quit, give up |
| 考慮 | consider, contemplate |
| 喜歡、享受 | enjoy, relish, fancy, favor |
| 完成 | finish |
| 使正當 | warrant, justify |
She enjoys reading. He avoided answering.
哪些動詞接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以?
下面這些動詞接 to + V 或 V-ing,意思沒有太大差別:begin, continue, (dis)like, dread, neglect, prefer, start。
It began raining/to rain.
用法補充
講義把 plan 也列在這一組。實際用法中,plan 最常接 to + V,例如 I plan to go.。要接 V-ing 時通常說 plan on going。
stop、try、remember 接法不同,意思有什麼差別?
| 動詞 | + to V | + V-ing |
|---|---|---|
| stop | 停下來,去做另一件事 | 停止正在做的事 |
| try | 努力嘗試做到 | 試試看這個方法 |
| remember | 記得要去做(還沒做) | 記得做過(已經做了) |
- He stopped to smoke.(停下來抽菸)
- He stopped smoking.(戒菸)
- Remember to lock the door.(記得要鎖門)
- I remember locking the door.(記得鎖過門)
為什麼 to 後面有時要接 V-ing?
下面這些片語裡的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞,後面要接名詞或 V-ing。
| 片語 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| object to + V-ing | I object to waiting here. |
| look forward to + V-ing | I look forward to seeing you. |
| devote/dedicate/commit + O + to + V-ing | She devoted her life to helping others. |
| be devoted/dedicated/committed to + V-ing | He is committed to improving quality. |
| be used to + V-ing | I am used to getting up early. |
| be accustomed to + V-ing | She is accustomed to working late. |
還有哪些固定接 V-ing 的句型?
| 句型 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| spend + 時間 + (in) V-ing | I spent two hours (in) reading. |
| have difficulties/trouble/problems + V-ing | I have trouble sleeping. |
| have a hard time/a good time/fun + V-ing | We had fun playing cards. |
練習題
1. 找出錯誤:I look forward to meet you.
這裡的 to 是介系詞,後面要接 V-ing。應改為 I look forward to meeting you.
2. 填空:She finished ___ the book.(to read/reading)
reading。finish 後面只能接 V-ing。
3. 這兩句的意思有什麼不同:I forgot to call him. / I remember calling him.
I forgot to call him. 表示忘了要打,所以沒打。I remember calling him. 表示記得打過電話。forget 和 remember 的接法邏輯相同。
推薦影音
動名詞入門(中文)
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