跳轉至

建立 2026-11-10 更新 2026-11-10

動名詞

動名詞(gerund)是動詞加 -ing 後當名詞使用,可以擔任主詞或受詞。學動名詞的重點,是記住哪些動詞後面只能接 V-ing、哪些只能接 to + V,以及哪些接法會改變意思。

動名詞和不定詞的使用限制有什麼不同?

用 it 當虛主詞時,後面真正的主詞通常用 to + V,不用動名詞。

  • ✓ It is important to exercise.
  • ✗ It is important exercising.

少數慣用語例外,例如 It's no use crying.

介系詞後面要接名詞或動名詞,一般不能接不定詞。

She is good at swimming.

哪些動詞後面只能接 V-ing?

意思分組 動詞
承認/否認 admit, deny
感謝/憎恨 appreciate, resent
避免、延後 avoid, postpone
放棄 quit, give up
考慮 consider, contemplate
喜歡、享受 enjoy, relish, fancy, favor
完成 finish
使正當 warrant, justify

She enjoys reading. He avoided answering.

哪些動詞接 to V 或 V-ing 都可以?

下面這些動詞接 to + V 或 V-ing,意思沒有太大差別:begin, continue, (dis)like, dread, neglect, prefer, start。

It began raining/to rain.

用法補充

講義把 plan 也列在這一組。實際用法中,plan 最常接 to + V,例如 I plan to go.。要接 V-ing 時通常說 plan on going。

stop、try、remember 接法不同,意思有什麼差別?

動詞 + to V + V-ing
stop 停下來,去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
try 努力嘗試做到 試試看這個方法
remember 記得要去做(還沒做) 記得做過(已經做了)
  • He stopped to smoke.(停下來抽菸)
  • He stopped smoking.(戒菸)
  • Remember to lock the door.(記得要鎖門)
  • I remember locking the door.(記得鎖過門)

為什麼 to 後面有時要接 V-ing?

下面這些片語裡的 to 是介系詞,不是不定詞,後面要接名詞或 V-ing。

片語 例句
object to + V-ing I object to waiting here.
look forward to + V-ing I look forward to seeing you.
devote/dedicate/commit + O + to + V-ing She devoted her life to helping others.
be devoted/dedicated/committed to + V-ing He is committed to improving quality.
be used to + V-ing I am used to getting up early.
be accustomed to + V-ing She is accustomed to working late.

還有哪些固定接 V-ing 的句型?

句型 例句
spend + 時間 + (in) V-ing I spent two hours (in) reading.
have difficulties/trouble/problems + V-ing I have trouble sleeping.
have a hard time/a good time/fun + V-ing We had fun playing cards.

練習題

1. 找出錯誤:I look forward to meet you.

這裡的 to 是介系詞,後面要接 V-ing。應改為 I look forward to meeting you.

2. 填空:She finished ___ the book.(to read/reading)

reading。finish 後面只能接 V-ing。

3. 這兩句的意思有什麼不同:I forgot to call him. / I remember calling him.

I forgot to call him. 表示忘了要打,所以沒打。I remember calling him. 表示記得打過電話。forget 和 remember 的接法邏輯相同。

推薦影音

動名詞入門(中文)

阿滴教文法 #5【動名詞】(阿滴英文,7 分鐘,中文):用生活例句介紹動名詞的用法。影片說明欄有一則內容更正:swimming pool 中的 swimming 是動名詞而非現在分詞,觀看時請留意。

動名詞與不定詞的完整比較

GERUND (-ing) or INFINITIVE (to)(English with Lucy,14 分鐘,英語):說明什麼時候用動名詞、什麼時候用不定詞,並提到 stop to dance 與 stop dancing 這類差別。

簡短版規則與練習

Gerunds & Infinitives(Ellii,8 分鐘,英語):整理句型規則,片尾附練習題,適合用來檢查自己是否掌握。